The discrete piezoelectric stack consists of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic chips, each with a central through hole, stacked face to face, and bonded together by epoxy resin and microglass beads. After combining multiple chips, the free stroke of these piezoelectric stacks is obviously larger than that of a single piezoelectric chip, while maintaining sub-millisecond response time and a small driving voltage range. The through hole in the center makes these chips very suitable for laser tuning and micro dispensing applications.

Two mounting surfaces at both ends of the piezoelectric stack are covered with planar ceramic plates with through holes. These ceramic plates assist in distributing the force of the load across the mounting surface of the stack and directing the force in the direction of axial displacement of the drive. When engaging the plane of the load with the mounting plane of the driver, ensure that the two planes are highly flat and smooth, and the two planes should be highly parallel when engaging.